References
ACT, B. A. O. T. 2006. European Wasps in Canberra Available: http://www.actbeekeepers.asn.au/information/european_wasp/european_wasp.htm [Accessed 29 March 2015].
BEGGS, J. 2001. The ecological consequences of social wasps (Vespula spp.) invading an ecosystem that has an abundant carbohydrate resource. Biological Conservation, 99, 17-28.
BEGGS, J. R. & REES, J. S. 1999. Restructuring of Lepidoptera communities by introduced Vespula wasps in a New Zealand beech forest. Oecologia, 119, 565-571.
BEGGS, J. R., TOFT, R. J., MALHAM, J. P., REES, J. S., TILLEY, J. A. V., MOLLER, H. & ALSPACH, P. 1998. The difficulty of reducing introduced wasp (Vespula vulgaris) for populations for conservation gains. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 22, 55-63.
CROSLAND, M. 1991. The spread of the social wasp, Vespula germanica, in Australia. New Zealand journal of zoology, 18, 375-387.
DAVIDSON, S. 1986. European Wasp is here to stay! Available: http://www.xcsconsulting.com.au/pdf/Eur_Wasp_Ecos.pdf [Accessed 31 March 2015].
FIELD, R. & DARBY, S. 1991. Host specificity of the parasitoid, Sphecophaga vesparum (Curtis)(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of the social wasps, Vespula germanica (Fabricius) and V. vulgaris (Linnaeus)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, 193-197.
FIELD, R., P & & DARBY, S., M 1991. Host specificity of the parasitoid, Sphecophaga vesparum (Curtis)(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of the social wasps, Vespula germanica (Fabricius) and V. vulgaris (Linnaeus)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, 193-197.
GOODISMAN, M., MATTHEWS, R., SPRADBERY, J., CAREW, M. & CROZIER, R. 2001a. Reproduction and recruitment in perennial colonies of the introduced wasp Vespula germanica. Journal of Heredity, 92, 346-349.
GOODISMAN, M. A., MATTHEWS, R. W. & CROZIER, R. H. 2001b. Hierarchical genetic structure of the introduced wasp Vespula germanica in Australia. Molecular ecology, 10, 1423-1432.
GREENE, A. 1991. Dolichovespula and Vespula. In: Ross KG, Mathews RW, editors. The social biology of wasps. , Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press.
HARRIS, R. 1996. Frequency of overwintered Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) colonies in scrubland‐pasture habitat and their impact on prey. New Zealand journal of zoology, 23, 11-17.
HARRIS, R. J. 1991. Diet of the wasps Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica in honeydew beech forest of the South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of zoology, 18, 159-169.
INDUSTRIES, D. O. P. 2015. European Wasp. primefact [Online]. Available: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/556666/primefact-1370-european-wasp.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2015].
LEFOE, G., WARD, D., HONAN, P., DARBY, S. & & BUCKLEY, K. 2001. Minimising the Impact of European Wasps on the Grape and Wine Industry. FINAL REPORT to GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION [Online]. Available: http://www.gwrdc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DAV-99-1.pdf [Accessed 31 March 2015].
LGA. 2009. European wasps [Online]. South Australia: South Australian Local Government. Available: https://www.lga.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=283 [Accessed 1 April 2015].
MATTHEWS, R. W., GOODISMAN, M. A., AUSTIN, A. D. & BASHFORD, R. 2000. The introduced English wasp Vespula vulgaris (L.)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) newly recorded invading native forests in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Entomology, 39, 177-179.
MCGAIN, F., HARRISON, J. & WINKEL, K. D. 2000. Wasp sting mortality in Australia. Medical journal of Australia, 173, 198-200. https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2000/173/4/wasp-sting-mortality-australia [Access online 1 April 2015]
MOLLER, H. 1996. Lessons for invasion theory from social insects. Biological conservation, 78, 125-142.
MOLLER, H., CLAPPERTON, B., ALSPACH, P. & TILLEY, J. 1991. Comparative seasonality of Vespula germanica (F.) and Vespula vulgaris (L.) colonies (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in urban Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of zoology, 18, 111-120.
MUSEUM, A. 2014. Animal Species: Honey Bee Available: http://australianmuseum.net.au/honey-bee [Accessed 15 April 2015].
PESTWEB. 2015. European wasp. Available: http://agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au/ento/pestweb/Query1_1.idc?ID=916371467 [Accessed 1 April 2015].
PLUNKETT, G., MOLLER, H., HAMILTON, C., CLAPPERTON, B. & THOMAS, C. 1989. Overwintering colonies of German (Vespula germanica) and common wasps (Vespula vulgaris)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand journal of zoology, 16, 345-353.
SACKMANN, P., RABINOVICH, M. & CORLEY, J. C. 2001. Successful removal of German yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) by toxic baiting. Journal of economic entomology, 94, 811-816.
SPRADBERY, J. 1991. Evolution of queen number and queen control. The social biology of wasps, 336-388.
SPRADBERY, J. & MAYWALD, G. 1992. The Distribution of the European or German Wasp, Vespula-Germanica (F)(Hymenoptera, Vespidae), in Australia-Past, Present and Future. Australian journal of zoology, 40, 495-510.
SPURR, E. 1996. Carbohydrate bait preferences of wasps (Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 23, 315-324.
TASMANIA, B. 2014. European and English Wasps. Available: http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/biosecurity/plant-biosecurity/pests-and-diseases/european-and-english-wasps [Accessed 31 March 2015].
TASMANIA, W. 2013. European Wasps in Tasmanian Vineyards. Available: http://winetasmania.com.au/technical/vineyard_management/pests_and_diseases [Accessed 1 May 2015].
TENNANT, P., DAVIS, P., WIDMER, M. & HOOD, G. 2011. CRC 30133 Urban surveillance for Emergency Plant Pests (EPPs). 1-17.
WALKER, K. 2007a. Common Paperwasp (Polistes humilis). Available: http://www.padil.gov.au:80/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136367 [Accessed 28 March 2015 ].
WALKER, K. 2007b. English wasp (Vespula vulgaris). Available: http://www.padil.gov.au:80/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136374 [Accessed 27 March 2015].
WALKER, K. 2007c. European wasp (Vespula germanica). Available: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/pest/main/136373 [Accessed 25 March 2015].
WARD, D., HONAN, P. & LEFOE, G. 2002. Colony structure and nest characteristics of European wasps, Vespula germanica (F.)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae), in Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41, 306-309.
WOOD, G., HOPKINS, D. & SCHELLHORN, N. 2006. Preference by Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) for processed meats: implications for toxic baiting. Journal of economic entomology, 99, 263-267.
BEGGS, J. 2001. The ecological consequences of social wasps (Vespula spp.) invading an ecosystem that has an abundant carbohydrate resource. Biological Conservation, 99, 17-28.
BEGGS, J. R. & REES, J. S. 1999. Restructuring of Lepidoptera communities by introduced Vespula wasps in a New Zealand beech forest. Oecologia, 119, 565-571.
BEGGS, J. R., TOFT, R. J., MALHAM, J. P., REES, J. S., TILLEY, J. A. V., MOLLER, H. & ALSPACH, P. 1998. The difficulty of reducing introduced wasp (Vespula vulgaris) for populations for conservation gains. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 22, 55-63.
CROSLAND, M. 1991. The spread of the social wasp, Vespula germanica, in Australia. New Zealand journal of zoology, 18, 375-387.
DAVIDSON, S. 1986. European Wasp is here to stay! Available: http://www.xcsconsulting.com.au/pdf/Eur_Wasp_Ecos.pdf [Accessed 31 March 2015].
FIELD, R. & DARBY, S. 1991. Host specificity of the parasitoid, Sphecophaga vesparum (Curtis)(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of the social wasps, Vespula germanica (Fabricius) and V. vulgaris (Linnaeus)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, 193-197.
FIELD, R., P & & DARBY, S., M 1991. Host specificity of the parasitoid, Sphecophaga vesparum (Curtis)(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of the social wasps, Vespula germanica (Fabricius) and V. vulgaris (Linnaeus)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, 193-197.
GOODISMAN, M., MATTHEWS, R., SPRADBERY, J., CAREW, M. & CROZIER, R. 2001a. Reproduction and recruitment in perennial colonies of the introduced wasp Vespula germanica. Journal of Heredity, 92, 346-349.
GOODISMAN, M. A., MATTHEWS, R. W. & CROZIER, R. H. 2001b. Hierarchical genetic structure of the introduced wasp Vespula germanica in Australia. Molecular ecology, 10, 1423-1432.
GREENE, A. 1991. Dolichovespula and Vespula. In: Ross KG, Mathews RW, editors. The social biology of wasps. , Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press.
HARRIS, R. 1996. Frequency of overwintered Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) colonies in scrubland‐pasture habitat and their impact on prey. New Zealand journal of zoology, 23, 11-17.
HARRIS, R. J. 1991. Diet of the wasps Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica in honeydew beech forest of the South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of zoology, 18, 159-169.
INDUSTRIES, D. O. P. 2015. European Wasp. primefact [Online]. Available: http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/556666/primefact-1370-european-wasp.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2015].
LEFOE, G., WARD, D., HONAN, P., DARBY, S. & & BUCKLEY, K. 2001. Minimising the Impact of European Wasps on the Grape and Wine Industry. FINAL REPORT to GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION [Online]. Available: http://www.gwrdc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DAV-99-1.pdf [Accessed 31 March 2015].
LGA. 2009. European wasps [Online]. South Australia: South Australian Local Government. Available: https://www.lga.sa.gov.au/page.aspx?u=283 [Accessed 1 April 2015].
MATTHEWS, R. W., GOODISMAN, M. A., AUSTIN, A. D. & BASHFORD, R. 2000. The introduced English wasp Vespula vulgaris (L.)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) newly recorded invading native forests in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Entomology, 39, 177-179.
MCGAIN, F., HARRISON, J. & WINKEL, K. D. 2000. Wasp sting mortality in Australia. Medical journal of Australia, 173, 198-200. https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2000/173/4/wasp-sting-mortality-australia [Access online 1 April 2015]
MOLLER, H. 1996. Lessons for invasion theory from social insects. Biological conservation, 78, 125-142.
MOLLER, H., CLAPPERTON, B., ALSPACH, P. & TILLEY, J. 1991. Comparative seasonality of Vespula germanica (F.) and Vespula vulgaris (L.) colonies (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in urban Nelson, New Zealand. New Zealand journal of zoology, 18, 111-120.
MUSEUM, A. 2014. Animal Species: Honey Bee Available: http://australianmuseum.net.au/honey-bee [Accessed 15 April 2015].
PESTWEB. 2015. European wasp. Available: http://agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au/ento/pestweb/Query1_1.idc?ID=916371467 [Accessed 1 April 2015].
PLUNKETT, G., MOLLER, H., HAMILTON, C., CLAPPERTON, B. & THOMAS, C. 1989. Overwintering colonies of German (Vespula germanica) and common wasps (Vespula vulgaris)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand journal of zoology, 16, 345-353.
SACKMANN, P., RABINOVICH, M. & CORLEY, J. C. 2001. Successful removal of German yellowjackets (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) by toxic baiting. Journal of economic entomology, 94, 811-816.
SPRADBERY, J. 1991. Evolution of queen number and queen control. The social biology of wasps, 336-388.
SPRADBERY, J. & MAYWALD, G. 1992. The Distribution of the European or German Wasp, Vespula-Germanica (F)(Hymenoptera, Vespidae), in Australia-Past, Present and Future. Australian journal of zoology, 40, 495-510.
SPURR, E. 1996. Carbohydrate bait preferences of wasps (Vespula vulgaris and V. germanica)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 23, 315-324.
TASMANIA, B. 2014. European and English Wasps. Available: http://dpipwe.tas.gov.au/biosecurity/plant-biosecurity/pests-and-diseases/european-and-english-wasps [Accessed 31 March 2015].
TASMANIA, W. 2013. European Wasps in Tasmanian Vineyards. Available: http://winetasmania.com.au/technical/vineyard_management/pests_and_diseases [Accessed 1 May 2015].
TENNANT, P., DAVIS, P., WIDMER, M. & HOOD, G. 2011. CRC 30133 Urban surveillance for Emergency Plant Pests (EPPs). 1-17.
WALKER, K. 2007a. Common Paperwasp (Polistes humilis). Available: http://www.padil.gov.au:80/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136367 [Accessed 28 March 2015 ].
WALKER, K. 2007b. English wasp (Vespula vulgaris). Available: http://www.padil.gov.au:80/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136374 [Accessed 27 March 2015].
WALKER, K. 2007c. European wasp (Vespula germanica). Available: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/pest/main/136373 [Accessed 25 March 2015].
WARD, D., HONAN, P. & LEFOE, G. 2002. Colony structure and nest characteristics of European wasps, Vespula germanica (F.)(Hymenoptera: Vespidae), in Victoria, Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 41, 306-309.
WOOD, G., HOPKINS, D. & SCHELLHORN, N. 2006. Preference by Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) for processed meats: implications for toxic baiting. Journal of economic entomology, 99, 263-267.